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в кратце, что пишут. Нашла со страниц какого-то университета:
Mutations are the raw materials of evolution.
Evolution absolutely depends on mutations because this is the only way that new alleles are created.
But this seems paradoxical because
* most mutations that we observe are
o harmful (e.g., many missense mutations) or, at best,
o neutral, for example:
+ "silent" mutations encoding the same amino acid
+ many mutations in noncoding DNA (e.g. "junk" DNA).
* most mutations affect a single protein product (or a small set of related proteins produced by alternative splicing of a single gene transcript) while much evolutionary change involves myriad structural and functional changes in the phenotype.
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"You have to sit by the side of a river a very long time before a roast duck will fly into your mouth." -G. Kawasaki
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